True/False . . Licensing: An arrangement in which the owner of intellectual property grants another firm the right to use that property for a specified period of time in exchange for royalties or. Study with Quizlet. These options vary in terms of how much. Licensing is an arrangement by which the owner of intellectual property grants another firm the right to use that property for a specific time period in exchange for royalties or other compensation. foreign direct investment. patent. - As entry strategy, licensing requires neither substantial capital investment nor extensive involvement of licensor in foreign markets. Mode Characteristics Advantages Disadvantages. 15 Licensing, Franchising and Other Contractual Strategies. • Describe. embargo, In the context of various strategies for reaching global markets, which of the following strategies. There are five basic options available: (1) exporting, (2) creating a wholly owned subsidiary, (3) franchising, (4) licensing, and (5) creating a joint venture or strategic alliance (Figure 7. 1 Explain contractual entry strategies. Exporting. Flashcards. in exchange for royalties, license fees, or some other form of compensation Patent Trade secret Brand name Product formulations. Verified Answer for the question: [Solved] The reputation of a licensor will be jeopardized by a licensing agreement if the licensee _____. cross-border exchanges where the relationship between the focal firm and its foreign partner is governed by an explicit. Patent. Firstly, licensors can generate additional revenue streams by granting licenses to third parties, enabling them to enter new markets or expand their product offerings without significant investment. If you want to have more autonomy in business decisions with the freedom to make your own vision. D) strategic decision making. 15. 4. 15. From a licensee standpoint, there are fewer risks in product development,. 3. Cooperative strategies refer to any type of agreement between two or more firms, contractual or otherwise, involving mutual forbearance towards one or more (typically not identical) goals by providing capital, knowledge, technology, managerial talent, and/or other valuable assets under the purview of said firms (Anand & Khanna, 2000; Gulati, 1998). Create flashcards for FREE and quiz yourself with an interactive flipper. Your matched tutor provides personalized help according to your question details. Management Contract 4. Click the card to flip 👆. 1 International-Expansion Entry Modes. Global Market Opportunity Assessment • Estimating Demand in Emerging Markets • Global Macro Trends that Affect International Business Licensing, Franchising, and Other Contractual Strategies: Contractual Entry Strategies Licensing as an entry strategy advantages and disadvantages of licensing Franchising as an entry strategy Other. a. Franchising is a contractual arrangement in which the franchisor provides a franchisee the right to use its name and marketing and operational support in exchange for a fee and, typically, a share of the profits. When a firm allows others toIn Malaysia, franchising and licensing are governed under different laws. 15. It described the development of Chinese hotel industry at the end. Contractual entry strategies in international business Click the card to flip 👆 cross-border exchanges in which relationship between the focal firm and its foreign partner is governed by an explicit contract Licensing, Franchising and other Contractual Strategies International Business Strategy, Management. Study Resources. Licensing, Franchising and other Contractual Strategies P a g e 1 | 10 P a g e 2 | 10 Executive Summary The report discusses international modes • Compared to licensing, franchising is usually a much more stable, long-term entry strategy. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Contractual entry strategies in international business, intellectual property, intellectual property rights and more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Contractual entry strategies in international business are cross-border exchanges in which the relationship between the focal firm and its foreign partner is governed by an explicit contract. governed by a contract that provides the focal firm with moderate level of control over the foreign partner 2. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In the context of international trade restrictions, offering less-favorable exchange rates to certain importers is a(n) _____. The license has much stricter restrictions than the franchise. 1. Contractual entry strategies in international business are cross-border exchanges in which the relationship between the focal firm and its foreign partner is governed by an explicit contract. Beyond importing, international expansion is achieved through exporting, licensing arrangements, partnering and strategic alliances An international entry mode involving a contractual agreement between two. Arrangement in which an independent company is licensed to establish, develop, and manage the entire franchising network in its market and has the right to sub franchise to other franchisees, assuming the role of local franchisor. A franchise agreement is a contract between the business owner (franchisor) and the franchisee. Licensing is an arrangement by which the owner of intellectual property grants another firm the right to use that property for a specific time period in exchange for royalties or other compensation. • Franchising vs licensing – Licensing of IPRs is an element of franchising – Licensing of IPRs is the means to reach the end • Goals of franchising – For the franchisor: geographically expand its busi ness without taking financial risks – For the franchisee: benefit from the brand, experi ence and know-how of the franchisor FranchisingSTRATEGY AND OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS; 11. 3. 2. )*Licensing, Franchising, and Other Contractual Strategies Licensing An arrangement in which the owner of intellectual property grants another firm the right to use that property for a specified period of time in exchange for royalties or other compensationLearn this differences between licensing and franchising and why licensing is not a alternative to franchising. 15. Some companies use direct exporting, in which they sell the product they manufacture in international markets without third-party. Two Types of Contractual Entry Strategies • Licensing: An arrangement in which the owner of intellectual property grants another firm the right to use that property for a specified period of time in exchange for royalties or other compensation • Franchising: An arrangement in which the firm allows another the right to use an entire business system. Licensing gives a company greater control than franchising over the sale of its product in a target market. Docsity. B) They are more susceptible to volatility and risk compared to FDI. Terms in this set (21) Contractual entry strategies in international business. is defined as a contractual arrangement whereby one company makes a legally protected asset available to another company in exchange for some form of compensation. Licensing is a contractual agreement whereby one company (the licensor) makes a legally protected asset available to another company (the licensee) in exchange for royalties, license fees, or some other form of compensation. In other words, ownership rights in franchising are seen in the ratio of company-owned to franchisee-owned stores and residual income rights, as traditionally conceptualized in Fig. Learn. export restraint b. It is where a person (franchisor) who has developed a certain way of doing a business gives another. The agreement so creates a franchise relationship is the franchise agreement and aforementioned parties to a franchise agreement are the franchisor and to french. 5 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of franchising. Licensing, Franchising and other contractual strategies. Strategic alliances can take many different forms, such as joint ventures, licensing agreements, and marketing alliances. Licensing is a contractual agreement whereby one company (the licensor) makes a legally protected asset available to another company (the license) in exchange for royalties, license fees, or some other form of compensation. Licensing. Florida State University. View MIB_8_MSLewandowska_2018_Fra. Chapter 15: Licensing, Franchising, and Other Contractual Strategies Key Elements Contractual Entry strategies in Franchising and licensing both offer business opportunities with some of the work already done for you, but that doesn't mean they're exactly the same. 8. By signing the franchise contract, a franchisee typically surrenders. 1. View Chapter 16. Licensing, Franchising and other Contractual Strategies. An MNC may move into that mode voluntarily (to test the waters, so to speak) or for purely defensive reasons (to prevent a competitor from entering the market or to preserve sales that otherwise would be lost because of a. The firm that grants such authorization to the other firm is known as the licensor, and the firm in the foreign. 1 Licensing. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What does a contractual entry strategy in IB mean, Give forms of IP, What are the types of contractual relationships and more. Focal firm has moderate level of control over the foreign partner. . Exporting and Foreign Direct Investing are Two Common Types of Contractual. Franchising is an arrangement in which the. Its goal. A) markets competing products for significantly lower prices B) uses the licensing asset to create products of poor quality C) refuses to pay the agreed upon royalties to the licensor D) does not guarantee future expansion in the. includes exchange of intangibles and services 3. One of the major differences when it comes to franchising vs. Franchising is common in manufacturing industries while licensing is primarily used in service industries. 99/yearQuiz 15: Licensing, Franchising, and Other Contractual Strategies. 2. 1. Exporting. Created by. Two Types of Contractual Relationships. a. 4 Franchising 7. Licensing ii. Franchising is a contractual international market entry mode as a licensing agreement when an organization wants to enter a foreign market quickly with low risk and resource commitment. Provide dynamic, flexible choice. 2. e. What Are The Types of International Business. 70. 15. Licensing 2. licensing is the limitation placed on licensing agreements. Learn. In licensing/franchising, the organization sells the rights to intellectual property to an entity within a foreign market for a royalty fee. 15- Licensing, Franchising and other. Uploaded By ebrarpatriot. cross-border exchanges in which relationship between the focal firm and its. Exporting and Countertrade; 14. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 5 Methods for entering the global market place from least risky/return to most risky/return, Exporting, Licensing and Franchising and more. b. Licensing Agreement: A licensing agreement refers to a written agreement entered into by the contractual owner of a property or activity giving permission to another to use that property or engage. The costs of licensing and franchising vary widely depending on many factors. arrangement in which an independent company is licensed to establish, develop, and manage the entire franchising network in its market and has the right to subfranchise to other franchisees, assuming the role of local franchisor. An industrial design is intended to _____. Since franchisees will assume many of the responsibilities otherwise shouldered by. Licensing is governed by a licensing agreement, which involves a one-time transfer of property or rights for a fee. Abstract. Flashcards. Focal firm has moderate level of control over the foreign partner. an advanced form of licensing in which the firm allows another the right to use an entire business system in exchange for fees, royalties, or other forms of compensation. Direct exporting allows consumers or businesses in new markets to easily buy your products wholesale, where you handle the shipping. gives an inventor the right to prevent others from using or selling an invention for a fixed period-typically up to 20 years. 3Describe the advantages and disadvantages of licensing. Solved . Dispute settlement 4. Match. B) The franchisor holds much power, including superior bargaining power. Here are 10 market entry strategies you can use to sell your product internationally: 1. Multiple Choice . View chapter 15. Exporting, joint ventures, direct investment, licensing, franchising, and other forms of an alliance is duly considered as market entry types. They typically include the exchange of intangibles and services. B. Disadvantages. Process. 82. Licensing refers to a business arrangement, where a company (licensor) sells its intellectual property to another company (licensee), or the right to produce its products, for a specified fee (royalty). fFranchising as an Entry Strategy. Licensing: An arrangement in which the owner of intellectual property. Advantages. BUS MISC. The entry strategy in global business with the lowest risk is _____, while _____ is considered to have higher risk than the choices available. g. Verified Answer for the question: [Solved] Which of the following is true about franchising as an entry strategy? A)It provides firms with minimum control over foreign operations. b. Match. Table 7. ( True/False ) Question 1Start studying Ch 16: Licensing, Franchising, and other Contractual Strategies. The definition is important because franchises are covered by securities law while licenses are covered by contract law. C) use of a well-known, recognizable brand name D) The franchisee holds much power,. Most Business document from University of British Columbia, 26 pages, BUS 434 Market Entry Licensing, Franchising, and Other Contractual Strategies 1-1 Contractual Relationships • Licensing: An arrangement in which the owner of intellectual property grants another firm the right to use that property for a specified period • Understand other contractual entry strategies. Verified Answer for the question: [Solved] Which of the following is an advantage of franchising to the franchisee? A) reduced expenses as the franchisor provides supplies, equipment, and products B) Minimum initial investments or royalty payments are applicable. Flashcards. Chapter 15: Licensing, Franchising, and Other Contractual Strategies Key Elements Contractual Entry strategies in. licensing. Exporting involves marketing the products you produce in the countries in which you intend to sell them. In this section, we will explore the traditional international-expansion entry modes. Terms in this set (22) contractual entry strategies in international business. Patents provide inventors the right to prevent another person or company from selling or using an invention for up. Learn. and industry leading guides that cover everything from francising principles to vorgeschritten franchise growth strategies. View Any. Master Franchise. For example, Ranbaxy has licensing arrangement in countries like Indonesia and Jordan. Ideas or works created by firms or individuals, such asintellectual property grants another firm the right to usethat property for a specified period of time in exchangeView Homework Help - Week 12. On the flip side, potential for revenue growth is more limited because the parent company will only earn a percentage of the earnings from each new store. - includes exchange of intangibles and services. • About 70 percent of the more than 2,000 Body Shop stores worldwide are operated by franchisees, while the rest are owned by Body Shop headquarters. Licensing offers more controlBy expanding into new territories and regions via franchising, your company’s services are made available to a wider audience, both diversifying and localizing your reach. Franchising makes up 10% of the U. _Lic_Update (2). It stated the market entry strategies of global hotel industry followed Cruz (1999)’s ‘Management Contract first, franchising latter’ strategy. If you want to have more autonomy in business decisions with the freedom to make your own vision come to life. A) the licensee B) patent. other contractual agreements and equity modes (wholly owned subsidiary or joint venture). Chapter 16 - Licensing, Franchising and other Contractual Strategies. Ask AI New. 1. Country Comparatives Guides. 1. 5 Contract Manufacturing 7. A) Duty B) Residual C) Royalty D) Tariff Answer: CLicensing An arrangement in which the owner of intellectual property grants another firm the right to use that property for a specified period of time in exchange for royalties or other compensation. Licensing and Franchising. B. licensing vs franchising. Patent licensing is a licensing that a licensor gives to the licensee to grant permission to conduct patent activities. Franchisor may impose inappropriate technical or managerial systems on the franchisee. Test. License 101 Where lives Entering?. The Franchiser maintains significant control of, or provides significant assistance to, the franchisee’s operation methods. 15. 8 Target Market Selection. Verified Answer for the question: [Solved] Which of the following challenges is applicable to the franchisee in a franchising agreement? A) The franchisee must make their own arrangements to acquire initial training and know-how. A license is much more limited than a. Licensing is designed to reduce the risks involved in doing business for everyone involved. In addition to paying an. Start studying Ch. Question 74. Week 12 Licensing, Franchising, and Other Contractual Strategies 1. A Definition of the Franchise Concept In its broadest sense, a “franchise” is a contractual relationship between a “franchisor” and an independent “franchisee” whereby the former licenses the latter to distribute aFranchising: Franchising is a common strategy used by businesses seeking to expand their operations in a risk-conscious manner. 3 Licensing 7. Franchise: A franchise is a type of license that a party (franchisee) acquires to allow them to have access to a business's (the franchiser) proprietary knowledge, processes, and trademarks in. True/False . In the franchising packages trademarks, copyright, patents and other things often are included. 15. Verified Answer for the question: [Solved] In a licensing agreement, ________ is responsible for local sales. Chapter 15. Cost of Licensing vs. 1. Verified Answer for the question: [Solved] _____ is the world's leading licensing firm, with $56. International Business: The New Realities, 4e (Cavusgil) Chapter 15 Licensing, Franchising, and Other Contractual Strategies 1) _d. arrangement in which the focal firm or a consortium of firms plans, finance, organizes, manages. Chapter 14 Licensing, Franchising, and other Contractual Strategies Opening: Harry Potter; The Magic of Licensing386 • Warner Brothers has exclusive licensing rights to the Potter series • Warner allows companies to use Potter realted images on manufactured products in exchange for royalty • Licensing process is self generating o Each new. licensing is the limitation placed on licensing agreements. Geb 3375 Introduction to International Business – Study Guide Exam 3_ Part1 1 Introduction to International Business Study Guide Exam 3 – Part 1 Chapter 16: Licensing, Franchising and other Contractual Strategies With this chapter we continued the “entry strategies” part we had interrupted for exam 2. when the factors that contributed to domestic success are transferable to foreign locations. _____ these are the items owned by a franchisee that has the same monetary value. Indirect strategies are indirect/direct exporting, licensing, franchising and contractual agreements (see Table 2). Verified Answer for the question: [Solved] Which of the following is an example of licensing? A) An American electronics firm has given the right to a new process for manufacturing e-book readers to an electronics manufacturer in Canada. Studying is made a lot easier and more fun with our online flashcards. They are governed by a contract that provides the focal firm a moderate level of control over the foreign partner. at completion of the contract, the foreign client is handed the "key. : Licensing is a contractual agreement in which a licensor grants a licensee the right to use its intellectual property,. 11). export. True or false: Transportation costs would have an effect on which entry mode a company uses. The licensor provides no technical support or assistance in most cases. Cavusgil, 3edition, Licensing Franchising and Other Contractual Strategies, Licensing, Franchising, Franchise, Chapter16. External: Operating Enviornment. Ch. Partnering, licensing, franchising, joint venture creation, business acquisition, and Greenfield ventures represent the spectrum of market entry opportunities. B) An Indian automobile manufacturing company, buys engines from a Japanese manufacturer for its. ENTERING AND OPERATING IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS; 13. The article concludes by examining implications of this firm resource model of sustained competitive advantage for other. Typically, the franchise agreement is for ten years. • Contractual entry strategies (franchising, licensing, management. Study Licensing, franchising and other contractual strategies (Key Terms) flashcards from Lewis Mellor's class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. when the franchisor has been successful domestically because of unique products and advantageous operating procedures and systems. Payment is made only after you have completed your 1-on-1 session and are satisfied with your session. The license agreement permits the use of trademarks, nothing more. To sum up, there are various methods that a firm can utilize in its foreign market entry market strategy. 0 (1. cross-border exchanges where the relationship between the focal firm and its foreign partner is governed by an explicit contract intellectual property ideas or works created by individuals or firms, including discoveries and inventions; artistic, musical, and literary works; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs They are governed by a contract that provides the focal firm with moderate level of control over the foreign partner They typically include the exchange of intangibles and services Firms can pursue them independently or in conjunction with other entry strategies They provide dynamic, flexible choice They often reduce local perceptions of the. e. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. the inherent disadvantages foreign firms experience in home countries. It. Posted by Rully Mangunsong at 10:16 AM. BUS. What is Licensing and Franchising? Licensing is a contractual agreement in which one company provides another company in foreign country access to its patents, trade secrets, or technology in exchange for a fee known as a royalty. In exchange, you get royalties or other payments. Table 7. Licensing typically involves royalties or. licensing team. real business leading guides that top everything from franchises basics to advanced vote growth strategies. All of the above. 2 ABSTRACT Presently, companies wanting to engage in international trade have a wide pool of choices to choose from. Geb 3375 Introduction to International Business – Study Guide Exam 3_ Part1 1 Introduction to International Business Study Guide Exam 3 – Part 1 Chapter 16: Licensing, Franchising and other Contractual Strategies With this chapter we continued the “entry strategies” part we had interrupted for exam 2. Lisanslama, Franchising ve diğer Sözleşme Stratejileri Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Disney originally forecast shelling out a little more than $30 billion on content (including sports rights) in fiscal 2023, which ended Sept. Franchising iii. Disadvantages. (2004) differ between ownership-bas ed entry modes (OBEs) and contract based modes (CBMs). commercial centers provide the following services: business facilities; translation and clerical services; a commercial library with legal information; and assistance with contracts and export/import arrangements. Fast entry, low risk. Franchising. arrangement in which the owner of intellectual property grants another firm the right to use that property for a specified. Risk in franchising. . Reasons for Licensing:Get Quality Help. Direct exporting is often considered the default choice for new market entry. develop, and manage the entire franchising network in its market and has the right to subfranchise to other franchisees, assuming the role of local franchisor. Exporting is a method of expansion where. It is unusual to see a direct comparison between, say, licensing and joint ventures, or between franchising and subcontracting. Franchising. Total views 38. Organising for the Strategy. , licensing and franchising) have lower up-front costs than investment modes do. In addition to the standard license process, a company will assist in establishing the business with the design, equipment, organization, and marketing. pdf from BUST 08009 at University of Edinburgh. Human Resource Management. On the most basic level, the difference between a franchise and a license is the amount of support you can expect to receive. Often regarded as second best to export or direct investment. Licensing: An arrangement in which the owner of intellectual property grants another firm the right to use that property for a specified period of time in exchange for royalties or other compensation. 16: Licensing, Franchising, and Other Contractual Strategies Flashcards | Quizlet Ch. 1. Licensing: Licensing offers several benefits for both the licensor and the licensee. Terms in this set (12) Contractual entry strategies in international business. Question 1. trading bloc c. 3 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of licensing. Business model: The first difference is in the business model. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Inbound licenses, Outbound licensing, Contractual entry strategies in international business and more. International Business: The New Realities, 4e (Cavusgil) Chapter 15 Licensing, Franchising, and Other Contractual Strategies _____ is a fee paid periodically to compensate a licensor for the temporary use of its intellectual property, often based on a percentage of gross sales generated from the use of the licensed asset. Franchising. Created by. Franchising requires ongoing assistance from the franchiser while licensing normally involves a one-time transfer of. Firms can pursue them independently or in conjunction with other entry strategies. 1 International Entry Modes 7. Detailed contracts and ongoing monitoring are equally as essential to the success of this international business strategy. Firms can pursue them independently or in conjunction with other entry strategies 4. An industrial design is intended to ________. An arrangement in which the owner of intellectual property grants another firm the right to use that property for a specified period of time in exchange for royalties or other compensation. The five most common methods include exporting, licensing and franchising, partnering and strategic alliance, acquisition, and Greenfield venture. trademark. 25 “Market entry options”). Learn. In Licensing agreement and franchise, an overseas-based business will pay you a royalty or commission to use your. Joint venture iii. C. FDI in particular is now carried out not only by traditional MNEs but also by private investors, hedge funds, SOEs and even sovereign wealth funds. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Licensing, franchising and other contractual strategies are considered _____ control strategies, Contractual Relationships between a focal firm and a foreign partner are, Intellectual Property refers to. Match. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1) For Starbucks and other companies whose business models include a service component, it is not recommended that they use one of the following methods for going global. Study Licensing, franchising and other contractual strategies (Key Terms) flashcards from Lewis Mellor's class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. 15. Licensing, on the other hand, is a form of private contract between parties and. fAdvantages & Disadvantages of. Licensing: An arrangement in which the owner of intellectual property grants another firm the right to use that property for a specified period of time in exchange for royalties or other compensation. Test. Quiz 15: Licensing, Franchising, and Other Contractual Strategies. A) A joint venture B) Contract manufacturing C) Licensing D) Exporting E) A Global strategic alliance; Answer: B. ( Multiple Choice) Question 2. Aspect Franchising Licensing; Definition: Franchising is a business model where a franchisor grants a franchisee the right to operate a business using the franchisor’s brand, systems, and support in exchange for fees and royalties. 25 “Market entry options”). ) Bringing ideas for business in other countries to new markets. RenaeBoleyn. Several companies get patent their technology and other products that they don’t want anyone else to use without their consent. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Inbound licenses, Outbound licensing, Contractual entry strategies in international business and more. Contractual entry strategies in international business. Learn faster with spaced repetition. Table 7. Second, some firms find it less risky and more profitable to export. By entering your email, you agree to receive marketing emails from Shopify. Match. Market entry modes for international businesses. Franchising is governed under the Franchise Act 1998 (“the Act”) and is regulated by the Registrar of Franchises (“Registrar”) under the purview of Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs. destineeashlee. 1. A license is “a contractually transferred right to use a legally protected or unprotected in vention in exchange for a fee or another type of compensation” (Mordhorst 1994, p. Two Types of Contractual Entry Strategies • Licensing: An arrangement in which the owner of intellectual property grants another firm the right to use that property for a specified period of time in exchange for royalties or other compensation • Franchising: An arrangement in which the firm allows another the right to use an entire business system in exchange for fees, royalties, or other. Intellectual property describes. • Licensing, franchising and other contracting These activities are carried out by a wide variety of institutions such as MNEs, small and medium-sized enterprises and financial entities. b. Several strategies for franchising in East. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Contractual entry strategies in international business, Intellectual property, Intellectual property rights and more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Contractual entry strategies in international business, intellectual property, intellectual property rights and more. Contractual Entry Strategies Contractual entry strategies Two common types of contractual entry strategies are licensing andLicensing. Question 74. Moderate-Control Strategies (Licensing, Franchising and other Contractual Strategies, Project Based (non-equity) collaborative ventures) "Moderate": -control available to the focal firm over foreign operations. Options for CONTRACTS include co-marketing, R&D contracts, turnkey project, strategic supplier/distributor, licensing/franchising. 15. The Franchiser requires the franchisee to make a minimum payment of $500 or more, and. On the other hand,. A. AFM 333 – Ch 16 Licensing, Franchising, and Other Contractual Strategies. Which of the following is provided by the licensor in a licensing agreement? A) a monetary down-payment plus royalties for all products sold. As a rule, licensing strategies inhibit control and produce only moderate returns. focal firm does everything for business and hands it over to customer after training. 15. Brand licensing is the act of giving permission to another company to use your business’s intellectual property (IP). The impact of strategy considerations can most easily be illustrated in a Cournot duopoly setting as displayed in Fig. import/export, licensing c. Strategies: Licensing, Investment, and Strategic. In existing literature, most strategies are appraised as alternatives to exporting, or as alternatives to green-field FDI. Describes the appearance or features of a product. nontariff barrier d. Solved .